Musk-Trump Bromance Turns X Debt From Burden to Asset for Morgan Stanley

Just a few months ago, Morgan Stanley was stuck with billions of dollars of unloved debt tied to Elon Musk’s controversial 2022 buyout of social-media platform Twitter Inc. It took one election and a billionaire bromance to flip the script.

Helped by Musk’s singular relationship with President Donald Trump and the tech mogul’s newfound proximity to the White House, Morgan Stanley is discovering that investors are drawn to the debt of the company now called X as it leads banks in marketing a $3 billion offering. Potential buyers who already got a peek at X’s financials are seeing signs of a rebound. And as an added bonus, investors will gain exposure to the company’s stake in Musk’s artificial intelligence project, xAI.

Morgan Stanley’s pitch includes results that show an adjusted version of X’s 2024 profits, or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, at roughly $1.2 billion, according to people with knowledge of the matter. The financials also reflect X getting a bump from election-related buzz, posting about $400 million in Ebitda on $710 million of revenue in the last three months of the year — both higher than the two preceding quarters. That’s paving the way for the bank and other lenders to start offloading what has been a blight on their balance sheets for the better part of three years.

Buyout loans that had been receiving bids for roughly 60 cents on the dollar are now being shopped at or above 95 cents, according to people familiar with the Morgan Stanley-led sales process.

Parsing the Numbers

X’s numbers suggest that revenue is down by nearly half from the time of the buyout three years ago, but they also indicate that Musk’s drastic cost-cutting efforts have helped the business chart a turn. As for earnings, the marketed Ebitda is roughly flat from that time before Musk jumped in, but contains a variety of adjustments that help boost the numbers, the people said. While that might not merit the lofty $44 billion valuation Musk slapped on the business, it’s enough to draw interest of secured creditors.

“If they thought they had lost 40% of their principal and now get out at something close to break even, that’s a nice turnaround,” said Espen Robak, president and founder of Pluris Valuation Advisors, which specializes in illiquid and hard-to-value assets.

One note of caution highlighted by investors in X’s financials relates to its revenue and earnings from “related parties” outside of X’s core social-media platform, said some of the people. And restructuring expenses from Musk’s decision to lay off a huge portion of X’s staff, as well as investments, will be added back into results. Investors will also see that X has $400 million worth of cash on its balance sheet — a sharp decline from the $1.4 billion it had in 2022, people familiar said.

Ultimately, even if X’s core figures paint a mixed picture, buyers may not care because of the exuberance around Musk, the people said.

The transaction follows a $1 billion sale of X debt the banks recently completed between 90-to-95 cents on the dollar as a test of market appetite. And it’s a welcome turn in fortune for Morgan Stanley, which advised Musk on his 2022 purchase of Twitter and led seven banks that arranged $13 billion in debt financing for the deal. The underwriting group had planned to resell the debt to investors, who would take on the risks associated with it. Instead, the banks were met with a buyers’ strike, and had to slash the value of their holdings as X’s business deteriorated, largely due to a series of jarring business decisions by Musk. Interest-rate hikes by the Federal Reserve only made things worse.

To be sure, the banks that underwrote the leveraged buyout have earned about $3 billion of interest on the X debt since 2022, according to Bloomberg calculations, far exceeding any paper losses. But the situation hasn’t been ideal. Banks typically try to market corporate loans they’ve underwritten to investors as soon as possible to free up their balance sheets. So-called hung debt is considered a black eye.

Now, though, events are transpiring to make X debt more appealing to investors. Musk, a zealous Trump supporter, is now a consultant to the new administration and investors expect that relationship with the president to boost his business interests. Morgan Stanley has been portraying X’s $6 billion stake in xAI as an advantage for debtholders. The idea is not only that the business could flourish, and therefore help X, but that they could have a claim on that xAI stake if things go awry.

Despite some of the offbeat maneuvers, there seems to be no shortage of investors wanting a